Functional morphology and phylogenetic significance of the forewing base structure in Ensifera (Orthoptera)

Abstract The forewing base structure of the orthopteran suborder Ensifera, a group insects well known for their sound-producing behavior, was examined by using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning and µCT. We detected significant novel characters, such as functional changes in tpm9 muscle from flexor to extensor that are likely associated with acquisition behavior forewings. Phylogenetic analysis based on characters selected showed character system contains strong phylogenetic signal supporting monophyly Tettigonioidea Grylloidea sister-group relationship between Gryllotalpoidea, but no apomorphies resolve deep phylogeny among superfamilies could be determined this system.